Seven "sinkhole" Majors With High Salaries And High Employment Rates, With Employment Directions And Application Guides!

Preface

For students, when applying for admission, in addition to choosing a good university, they must also choose a good major, because this will largely affect their future development direction.

Today, the editor will share with you some majors that are difficult to learn but have good employment prospects. Many of them are majors that ordinary people think of as "sinkholes", but in the long run they are actually "really fragrant".

Inventory of majors that are difficult to learn but have good jobs

Communication Engineering

Communication engineering is an undergraduate major in ordinary colleges and universities, which is an electronic information major. The basic duration of study is four years, and a bachelor's degree in engineering is awarded.

This major has the characteristics of integrating science and engineering. It mainly involves basic theory, engineering design and system implementation technology in the fields of electronic science and technology, information and communication engineering and optical engineering. It is based on mathematics, physics and information theory, with electronics, photonics, Information and related components, electronic systems, and information networks are the research objects, with wide application fields and rapid development. It is the backbone major that promotes the development of the information industry and enhances traditional industries.

Someone who came here said this:

During my four years in college, college physics was a very difficult course. Kinetic energy, angular momentum, harmonics, thermodynamics, electric fields, magnetic fields, optics, electromagnetic waves. Just thinking about it gave me a headache. It took two full semesters to study, and by the time of the exam, more than half of the class was Need to take a make-up exam.

When I was a sophomore, I learned a lot of mathematics subjects, such as complex variable functions, integral transformations, discrete mathematics, etc. I have to say that you really need to study these courses carefully. If you want to do communication theory, you must learn complex variables and integrals well. It is the foundation of signal systems. If you want to engage in software in the future, you must have a solid foundation in discrete mathematics. Ask your current CS classmates, algorithms are the dividing line between excellent programmers and ordinary programmers.

Employment destination:

At present, there are two main directions in terms of employment types in communications majors, one is software and the other is hardware. Software such as software development, network design, application software compilation, etc.; in terms of hardware, we mainly go to companies such as electronic communication devices.

The employment prospects of communication engineering majors are mainly engaged in mobile communications, data communications, communications technology, technology development, development and commissioning of communications systems and networks, equipment maintenance, software engineering, hardware engineering, and product managers in communications and IT companies.

The employment destinations of students mainly involve communication operators, modern communication equipment manufacturing companies, research institutes related to electronic information technology research and development, high-tech technology industry companies, enterprises and institutions, etc., such as China Telecom, China Mobile, China Netcom and other operators. Equipment manufacturers such as ZTE, Huawei, Datang, and Foxconn, and foreign-invested enterprises such as Motorola, Samsung, and Bell.

Application Guide:

At present, there are more than 560 colleges and universities offering communication engineering majors in my country, recruiting students in various undergraduate batches. Among them, the vast majority of colleges and universities recruit students according to the first-level discipline of undergraduate communication engineering, and there are also a few colleges and universities that recruit students according to the major category of "electronic information science".

The colleges and universities that offer this major still differ in terms of school level, professional characteristics, and admission batches. In recent years, some colleges and universities with high rankings and strong overall strength in this major have higher admission scores. Such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Southeast University, University of Defense Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, etc.

The communication engineering major spans electronics and computer majors, and the courses taken have the characteristics of both. Therefore, students are required to have a good foundation in mathematics and physics and strong hands-on application abilities. Students with strong logical thinking skills and good analytical skills will be more suitable. When applying for this major, candidates must use their own interests, subject expertise, and actual scores as a reference.

In addition, this major also has certain requirements for candidates' physical conditions. According to the "Guiding Opinions on Physical Examination for General College Admissions", any candidate whose eye is corrected to 4.8 with a lens power greater than 800 degrees is not suitable to study in electronic information science majors. Candidates’ parents should also check the specific requirements in each institution’s charter.

physics

Physics is an undergraduate major in ordinary colleges and universities. It is a physics major. The basic study period is four years and a science degree is awarded.

The physics major cultivates senior professionals who have mastered the basic theories and methods of physics, have good mathematical foundation and experimental skills, and can engage in scientific research, teaching, technology and related management work in physics or related scientific and technological fields.

Someone who came here said this:

College physics and high school physics are not on the same level. If you have a good foundation in mechanics, good understanding and logical thinking, and have established mathematical differential and integral ideas, and have strong personal self-discipline and self-study abilities, college physics will be easier.

The premise is that if all the above five elements are present, it will be easier to learn physics.

Employment direction:

Employment in physics is the same as that of most basic majors, and students are mainly engaged in teaching research and related scientific research management work in universities, defense departments, scientific research institutions, etc. There are many physics-related research institutes in China, such as the Institute of High Energy Physics, the Institute of Theoretical Physics, the Institute of Modern Physics, the Institute of Plasma Physics, and the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In addition, graduates majoring in physics have a solid theoretical foundation. Many students will choose to take postgraduate entrance examinations or go abroad for further study. Most of the majors for further study are physics-related majors. In the domestic postgraduate entrance examination, many courses in physics are the main subjects or examination subjects of other majors, and the postgraduate entrance examination rate is very high. This is also the advantage of the physics major.

Application Guide:

The physics major is one of the traditional basic majors, and many colleges and universities offer this major. From the "Enrollment Major Catalog" in recent years, we can see that there are two main enrollment methods for physics majors: one is to recruit students by physics major, and the other is to recruit students by physics category. In recent years, more and more colleges and universities have begun to enroll students in the major of physics. After one to two years of training after admission, students are divided into specific majors based on their interests and learning conditions, such as Peking University, Nanjing University, and Beijing University. Aeronautical and Astronautical University, etc.

In addition, there is a large category of enrollment in the form of experimental classes, but the majors included are not all physics majors. For example, Beijing Normal University’s science experimental class can choose mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology independently; Fudan University’s “natural science experimental class” includes 15 majors including physics, theoretical and applied mechanics, chemistry, and polymer materials and engineering. When applying, candidates must consider comprehensively based on their interests, hobbies, scores, and the professional direction of the institution.

Some colleges and universities have single subject score requirements for candidates applying for this major. Candidates who intend to apply for the physics major should also pay attention to the admissions regulations of the relevant colleges and universities for that year.

mechanical

Mechanical is a big family. In the catalog of undergraduate majors, the major category of Mechanical includes 8 first-level majors: Mechanical Engineering, Mechanical Design, Manufacturing and Automation, Material Forming and Control Engineering, and Process Equipment and Control Engineering.

The mechanical major also involves many interdisciplinary subjects. The accumulation of this knowledge also provides a strong guarantee for employment across mechanical majors and industries.

Someone who came here said this:

Not difficult, not easy either.

I think the comprehension ability should be strong. Many knowledge points can only be clicked by the teacher, and more need to be studied by oneself. The scope of application is flexible and changeable, so one cannot go overboard. To put it bluntly, the brain needs to be alive.

Employment prospects:

The machinery industry is a basic industry in our country. It is not only the machinery industry that needs mechanical professionals. Any industry, whether it is a production enterprise or a research and development unit, as long as it uses equipment and production lines, there will be room for mechanical professionals, such as Printing, logistics, pharmaceutical, food, rubber and other industries all need them to install and maintain production equipment.

There are many employment fields for graduates of this major, and the employment positions can be summarized in three main directions:

1. Mechanical engineering technicians. On-site technical support personnel who can engage in the repair, maintenance and management of machinery on the front line of industrial production. This type of work requires a certain amount of technical content and practical experience.

2. Design and R&D personnel. Responsible for participating in the design, development, and production of new products, and can be engaged in the installation, debugging, improvement, and drawing drawings of the mechanical parts of new products (parts). This type of job has relatively high requirements for graduates, and the general starting point is a graduate from a prestigious university or a master's degree.

3. Sales staff of mechanical products. Can be engaged in sales and customer service of mechanical products in related industries. Mechanical major graduates have technical knowledge in related mechanical majors and will have an advantage in sales jobs.

In the future, there will still be a greater demand for mechanical talents. CNC talents with development capabilities will become the target of competition for various enterprises. The supply-demand ratio of mechanical design, manufacturing and processing machinery professionals is getting higher and higher.

Application Guide:

In terms of job content and working environment after graduation from this major, it is more suitable for boys. Currently, there are fewer girls studying this major.

When mechanical graduates work, the starting salary is low and the working environment is unsatisfactory, which requires practitioners to have strong endurance and enthusiasm.

automation

Automation is an undergraduate major in ordinary colleges and universities in China. It mainly studies electronic technology, computer technology, network technology, software technology, control technology and other knowledge. It is a multi-disciplinary major.

Automation not only involves traditional fields such as national defense industry, aerospace, machinery, chemical industry, electronics and many other fields. With the continuous popularization and development of automation technology, robots, artificial intelligence, Internet, medical care, economy, environmental protection, urban planning, etc. are all automation Professional research areas.

Someone who came here said this:

Automation is the major that involves the most mathematics in engineering. At the doctoral level, if you engage in theory, you will study mathematics. This major does not involve much physics, but the physics mentioned in the university does not include circuits. Circuits are a separate subject, and automation still has certain requirements for circuits. Sophomore students will take circuits as a separate course. As long as the circuit is not bad, learning automation will be no problem. Of course, the key to automation is mathematics. If you are good at mathematics, studying this major will be relatively smooth.

Employment direction:

At present, the employment fields of automation majors mainly include technology research and development companies, scientific research institutes, design units, communication systems, steel companies, industrial and mining companies, railways, chemical industry, aviation, customs, taxation, industry and commerce, foreign trade, colleges and universities, and government and science and technology departments. wait.

As automation products continue to become more popular, society's demand for this professional talent will continue to increase, employment prospects will be broader, and there will be more choices. It has a wide range of employment opportunities and a large space for future development. It is relatively easy for students to change careers and majors. For example, electronic engineering, computers, and communications are all development directions for automation majors.

According to previous survey data, automation is a popular major for college entrance examination students in Beijing, and it is also a popular application among engineering categories.

Application Guide:

Since the salary in this industry is often closely related to actual experience, the salary of those who have just entered the industry with a bachelor's degree is generally not high. A few years later, undergraduate students will be rated as intermediate engineers or senior engineers, and their salary will be greatly improved. This major relies mainly on technology, and practical operation ability is very important.

Judging from the admission scores in recent years, some key universities have relatively high admission scores, such as Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology, etc. The average admission score for this major in Beijing has exceeded 600 points in the past two years. Candidates can make a comprehensive selection based on their actual situation and the admission scores of previous years.

In addition, the knowledge learned in the automation major is relatively comprehensive, and the courses and class hours are more than those in many engineering majors. Especially in key universities, the course schedule is very full and the academic pressure is relatively high. Students with poor foundation in science and engineering will find it relatively difficult to study, so generally speaking, students with strong foundation in science and engineering are more suitable to apply for this major.

jurisprudence

Law is an undergraduate major in ordinary colleges and universities. It is a legal major. The basic study period is 4 years and a bachelor's degree in law is awarded.

This major requires students to have a solid professional theoretical foundation, proficient vocational skills, and a reasonable knowledge structure, and be able to work in state agencies, enterprises, institutions, and social groups, especially in legislative bodies, administrative agencies, procuratorial organs, judicial organs, and arbitration Senior professionals engaged in legal work in institutions and legal service agencies.

Someone who came here said this:

Law is a typical long-term profession where the bitterness comes first and then the sweetness comes, and the winner takes all. You must go through all kinds of painful experiences, and those who can't bear it will be eliminated as soon as possible. You should know on the first day of enrollment that this major requires you to memorize the thickest books, take the most difficult exams, endure the lowest one-time employment rate, and more importantly, you must be mentally reborn.

Employment:

1. Apply for civil servants, mainly including prosecutors, judges, and administrative civil servants. If graduates want to enter the public security, procuratorate, or law enforcement agencies, in addition to passing the judicial examination, they must also pass the civil service examination.

2. Lawyers are not as difficult to get into as the civil service, but they are also a counterpart to the legal profession and are the main choice for many young graduates. Lawyers are an experience-based industry. Lawyers' incomes vary greatly depending on their work experience, ability, and legal fields involved.

3. Corporate legal personnel are also the field where most law graduates are currently employed. They mainly serve the legal affairs department, legal consulting department and intellectual property department of the company. For example, major state-owned enterprises, banks, foreign companies, and some large private companies will have legal departments within them to handle the legal affairs involved in the company. There are also some who work in the government's legal affairs department, but generally government departments have higher requirements for academic qualifications and work ability, which cannot be achieved by ordinary undergraduates.

4. In addition to the above main employment directions, other areas of society also have demand for legal talents with "complex knowledge structures". For example, positions such as secretarial, human resources management, and marketing in enterprises prefer talents who have both basic knowledge of economic management and professional legal knowledge. Some law graduates may also work as accountants, auditors, securities industry personnel, environmental assessments, judicial appraisals, professional intermediaries, real estate consulting, legal publicity, etc.

Application Guide:

The current setting of law majors in my country mainly includes two situations depending on the focus of institutions. One is a specialized law school, and the other is a law department or law school in a comprehensive university.From the perspective of choosing a professional direction and employment, civil and commercial law and economic law are both relatively good employment directions among law majors.

Well-known universities for law majors - five colleges and four departments: The so-called "five colleges" refer to China University of Political Science and Law (formerly Beijing University of Political Science and Law), Southwest University of Political Science and Law (formerly Southwest University of Political Science and Law), Northwest University of Political Science and Law, and East China University of Political Science and Law (formerly East China University of Political Science and Law). College), Zhongnan University of Economics and Law (formerly Zhongnan University of Political Science and Law). The so-called "four departments" refer to the former law departments of Peking University, Renmin University of China, Jilin University, and Wuhan University, which are now changed to law schools. These colleges can be called the Taishan Beidou of law colleges, and their score requirements are also relatively high. Candidates applying for these schools must have considerable strength.

There are also physical requirements for applying for law majors. When applying for a volunteer, candidates should refer to the physical examination opinions and the special requirements for physical conditions in the admissions regulations of colleges and universities to avoid applying for restricted majors.

Computer

In the latest undergraduate major catalog in 2020, computer majors include the following 17 majors:

Computer science and technology, software engineering, network engineering, information security, Internet of Things engineering, digital media technology, intelligent science and technology, spatial information and digital technology, electronic and computer engineering, data science and big data technology, cyberspace security, new Media technology, film production, security technology, service science and technology, virtual reality technology, blockchain engineering.

Among them, the eight most common majors in the annual enrollment plan are computer science and technology, software engineering, network engineering, information security, Internet of Things engineering, digital media technology, intelligent science and technology, data science and big data technology. These 8 majors are also typically very scarce and high-paying majors.

Someone who came here said this:

You should be careful when applying for computer majors. On the surface, it seems that computer science is a high-paying industry. In fact, employment in computer majors is not as good as imagined. A survey report found that employment and salary polarization are very serious, and first-class university graduates have extremely high salaries. , second-rate universities and third-rate universities are only slightly higher than ordinary people.

At present, the employment prospects and potential of computer majors are relatively large, especially the rise of 5G, which has promoted the development of the Internet of Things and accelerated the informatization process. There are also currently popular cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence. Therefore, the overall prospects of the computer industry are relatively good. But I think if you choose to work in the computer industry in the future.

Employment direction:

Computer majors have wide applications and many intersections, covering all walks of life in society, which determines that the employment fields are very broad.

In IT companies, the main employment positions for graduates of this type of major are: management: such as project managers, software architects, hardware architects, etc.; R&D: software engineers, hardware engineers, system developers, etc.; testing: Software test engineers, hardware test engineers, system test engineers, etc.; service sales: marketing, pre-sales service, after-sales service, marketing, etc.

In recent years, software development centers, data centers and other units have attracted many computer majors, who are mainly engaged in the development and maintenance, data statistics and management of enterprise and institutional data systems.

In governments, scientific research institutions and other non-IT enterprises, software and hardware equipment, network security, system maintenance, website development and other tasks are also inseparable from computer professionals.

Computer science graduates from normal colleges can teach computer courses in primary schools, middle schools and other units.

In recent years, the combination of computer and art majors has resulted in many new majors, such as computer art design, web design, film and television animation design, environmental art design, digital media, etc.

After graduation, students from these majors can engage in art design planning and production, computer painting, animation production, web design, etc. in design departments, advertising companies, decoration companies, Internet companies, software companies, animation companies, corporate advertising departments, etc.

Judging from the long-term market situation, the overall demand for computer professionals in society is still large.

So, which professionals are favored by the market? For example, there is a huge gap in high-end talents in software development, and the employment salary is also high; there is also the software engineering major that is now separated, and some powerful universities have also established software schools. They have a high starting point, new theories, and relatively high tuition fees. expensive. In terms of hardware maintenance, because the technical content is not very high, undergraduates are often robbed of their "jobs" by vocational school students with superior skills and relatively low worth.

Application Guide:

At present, almost all colleges and universities across the country offer computer majors, which are distributed at different levels, including comprehensive key colleges and universities, ordinary colleges and universities, and some higher vocational colleges. This major is very different in the training characteristics and advantageous research directions of various universities. Some focus on software, some focus on hardware, some focus on computer networks, and some are quite distinctive in information security. The choice of direction may directly affect future employment.

When considering colleges, candidates should have an understanding of the characteristics and direction of the major. After a clear understanding, they should choose a college that suits their own circumstances. For example:

The overall strength of Tsinghua University's computer science and technology major is very strong, with three national key secondary disciplines: computer system structure, computer software and theory, and computer application technology. Undergraduate students are recruited and trained according to computer science (including three first-level disciplines: computer science and technology, software engineering, and cyberspace security).

Jilin University has obvious advantages in software, and ranks among the domestic leaders in automation, software reuse technology, artificial intelligence, expert systems, computer algebra, theorem proving and automatic reasoning, distributed reasoning, and distributed systems.

Computer software and theory at Nanjing University is a national key discipline. Its areas of advantage include software automation and formal methods, distributed computing and parallel processing, system software and information security, multimedia technology, artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering, database technology, language information processing, etc.

Based on computer science and engineering, the School of Computer Science of Beihang University has formed a collaborative working environment under the new generation of Internet, a new generation of Internet network architecture, parallel and network computing technology, virtual reality and multimedia technology, information security technology and other advantages. Distinctive subject research directions. Beihang's computer major focuses on strengthening core basic education in the first and second grades, and implements wide-caliber professional education in the third and fourth grades to strengthen the cultivation of innovative awareness and abilities.

The Computer Science and Technology major of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications is characterized by the combination of computers and communications. It strives to cultivate senior computer engineering technical talents with a strong communications background, focusing on the development and application of data communications, computer networks, and software and hardware.

Wuhan University has made great achievements in software, especially in multimedia software, and has developed a large number of multimedia software.

Southeast University takes computer network and database technology as the leader, and has made remarkable achievements in the fields of computer network and its applications, databases and information systems, artificial intelligence and its applications, and modern integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS).

Computer application technology at Northwestern Polytechnical University is a national key discipline, with strong computer architecture and computer network directions.

Computer majors have become the most popular majors in universities in recent years. No matter what the university's dominant subjects are, the admission scores of computer majors will be ranked first. Therefore, if you want to study computer majors, you need the candidates' scores. It has a clear advantage over the minimum admission score of the school you applied for.

For candidates from 985 and 211 universities, there is no need to attach too much importance to the strength of the school. In order to study a major you like, it is completely acceptable for the school's strength to be slightly inferior.

Mathematics

What is mathematics? Many scientists have given different definitions from different perspectives. Misra said: "Mathematics is the highest achievement of human thinking." Einstein said: "Pure mathematics, by its essence, is the poetry of logical thought." Galileo said: "This great book of nature is Written in the language of mathematics.”

Mathematics is the foundation of natural science. Conceptually, mathematics is the study of concepts such as quantity, structure, change, and spatial models.

Someone who came here said this:

There are generally two types of people who study mathematics. One is those who really like it, which of course is very rare, and the other is those who have adjusted to it, making up the majority. Of course, the former is generally found in well-known colleges and universities, while the latter is mostly found in ordinary schools.

However, undergraduate mathematics knowledge alone may not be enough. I think continuing to study for graduate school will play a big role. After all, apart from lawyers and doctors, what other professions cannot we do (›´ω`‹ ) What's more, they engage in scientific research (film boss).

Not to mention those who voluntarily study mathematics (such as me), it is tiring and happy at the same time. At least in my mind, mathematics is an important part of making the world turn. We are lucky to learn it.

Employment direction:

1. Actuary

One of the most valuable certified professions in the world, actuaries are listed as the highest-paying jobs of the year, and their salaries are also considerable.

Requirements: Strong programming skills; minor in business or statistics; membership in relevant professional associations; gain relevant experience through internships; familiarity with the exams and certifications required for actuarial positions.

2.IT direction

The most promising popular industries have a talent gap of millions every year. The advantages of applied mathematics majors in the IT industry cannot be ignored.

Requirements: Mathematics/statistics related major; knowledge of computer languages ​​and programming; gain relevant experience through internship, part-time or summer job; develop good interpersonal communication skills, etc.;

3.Financial direction

On Wall Street, financial mathematicians are also one of the most sought-after talents, and it is not impossible to earn millions a year.

Requirements: internship in a financial institution; developing good interpersonal relationships; minor in business degree, etc.

4.Teacher

According to the forecast of the Ministry of Education, in the next five years, the shortage of high school teachers in my country will reach 1.16 million, among which the demand for teachers of basic subjects such as mathematics and Chinese is the greatest. This undoubtedly provides a lot of room for development for graduates who apply for mathematics and applied mathematics majors in comprehensive colleges and universities to find employment.

Application Guide:

At present, there are 108 colleges and universities offering mathematics majors at the undergraduate level across the country, and 523 professional colleges and universities offering mathematics and applied mathematics. Most of them are concentrated in the first and second batches of colleges and universities, giving candidates a wide range of choices.

Students with top grades may consider prestigious universities with long histories and strong strengths. Such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Beijing Normal University, Nankai University, Jilin University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Zhejiang University, University of Science and Technology of China, Shandong University, Sichuan University, etc. These institutions all have first-level national key disciplines in mathematics. , famous teachers gather together, and the professions are complete.

The secondary subjects of mathematics majors in some institutions such as Capital Normal University, East China Normal University, Xiamen University, Wuhan University, Sun Yat-sen University, Dalian University of Technology, Xiangtan University, and Central South University also have national key disciplines and have strong professional strength.

Normal colleges are institutions that offer relatively concentrated basic majors. Among the more than 500 colleges offering mathematics and applied mathematics majors, normal colleges account for 135. In addition to Beijing Normal University and East China Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University, Central China Normal University, Northeast Normal University, etc. are also strong. Most of the mathematics majors in such colleges are teacher-training majors, and of course there are also non-teaching-training majors.

planning now

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